Personal Protection Standards & Measuring Surface Temperature
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Personnel protection heat levels are determined with a "thermesthesiometer", a heat flux measuring device using a plastic rubber probe with similar heat transfer characteristics as the human finger. This device determines burn hazard potential for a heated surface.
The test procedures provides an estimate for skin contact temperatures which might occur for the “average” individual.
These procedures are limited to direct contact exposure only. Conditions of personal exposure to periods of high ambient temperatures, direct flame exposure, or high radiant fluxes may cause human injury in periods other than determined herein.
http://www.astm.org/Standards/C1057.htm